The potential of stem cells in dentistry and their impact on treatments. Systematic review [Potencial de las células madre en odontología y su impacto en tratamientos. Revisión sistemática]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62574/3066mq98Keywords:
stem cells, dental pulp, regenerative medicineAbstract
Objective: To explore the progress and clinical applications of dental stem cells in regenerative medicine. Method: Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Twenty articles published between 2019 and 2024 were analysed from the PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. Results: Dental stem cells obtained from dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and apical papilla demonstrated self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capacity. Applications were identified in the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex, periodontal tissue, alveolar bone, and orofacial structures. Preclinical studies showed potential in facial nerve regeneration, Parkinson's disease treatment, and hyaline cartilage repair. The main challenges include long-term viability, standardised culture protocols, and clinical processing costs. Advances in tissue engineering, biomaterials, and understanding of the cellular microenvironment are overcoming these limitations. Conclusion: Dental stem cells represent a promising, accessible alternative with fewer ethical barriers for regenerative therapies in dentistry and medicine.
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